Types of environmental hazards and disasters pdf

Difference between natural hazard and disaster hazard disaster 1. The isdr working group on environment and disaster reduction was. Types of environmental disasters environmental disasters are the realization of hazards to serious impacts, damages and losses, initiating in some or the other environmental systems or resources. Bushfires, for example, can stimulate growth and regenerate forest ecology, as the heat from fire is required for some seeds to germinate. A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the communitys or societys ability to cope using its own resources. This distinguishes it from the concept of a natural disaster. Hazard event it is the physical parameter of the hazard event that causes the harm. At risk argues that the social, political and economic environment is as much a cause of disasters as the natural environment. These hazards are related to various environmental processes and systems. Disasters are the convergence of hazards with vulnerabilities.

World leaders in a variety of fora are bringing the subject into the mainstream of political concern. The lithosphere is the outermost shell of the earth. Stress occurrence, disruption, and the need for external assistance. This report outlines the possible scope of an icsu initiative on natural and humaninduced environmental hazards. The complete emdat divides disasters into 2 categories natural and technological, and further. Classification of natural or physical and manmade or. They include unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness, and death. Thus the categorization here refers explicitly to natural hazards rather than disasters to avoid conflicting understandings. In other words we can say that disaster risk hazard x vulnerability. Vulnerability to natural hazards has been increased in many coastal areas as a consequence of the loss of habitat such as mangroves and coral reefs that formerly. Categorized under geography,health,miscellaneous difference between hazard and disaster a hazard is a risk and according to leo buscaglia, an american motivational speaker and author, risks must be taken because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing.

Human vulnerability to natural hazards is further exacerbated by ongoing environmental degradation, high population densities in exposed areas, increased frequency of extreme weather events and lacking or ineffective government policies. Moreover it also addresses types of disaster and discusses the trends of the occurrence of disasters to introduce readers the basic concepts of the subject matter. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. Environmental disasters are the realization of hazards to serious impacts, damages and losses, initiating in some or the other environmental systems or. Threatening event, or probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area. For example, floods can degrade water quality, release chemicals and other contaminants from impoundments or containers or even float off the containers themselves to lodge in someone elses backyard. The aquatic environment may be considered in terms of the aquatic organisms that live in the water, and the aquatic ecosystem of which they are part. On the basis of main causative factors, the environmental hazards and disaster are of two types. Introduction of environmental hazard environmental hazards is the state of events which greatly effects the surrounding and peoples health. Contents introduction of environmental hazard types of environment hazard earthquake types of earthquake weaves volcano causes effects 3. It turned into a disaster for india, srilanka and some other countries of southeast asia. It involves learning and various types of training, but also continuous efforts to develop.

Dams typically are constructed of earth, rock, concrete, or mine tailings. This potential is due to the necessity to discriminate between a hazard and a disaster. Concepts of hazards, disasters and hazard assessment goals. However, when the disequilibrium of the nature exceeds the threshold of its natural fluctuation, it can trigger the occurrence of extreme environmental events, hazards, or disasters. Disaster, hazard, vulnerability, capacity, risk and disaster management cycle. This can include environmental degradation, pollution and accidents. Some examples of hazards are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, landslides, and other such events. An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is a catastrophic event regarding the environment due to human activity. Natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and communicable diseases, have torn economies apart, caribbean experience of natural hazards and disasters has continued to. The natural hazards that trigger a disaster tend to appear overwhelming. Objectives of the discussion 9distinguish between the concepts of hazard, hazard event, secondary hazards, multiple hazards and disaster 9classify and describe types of hazards 9explain hazard. Table 1 shows some common natural hazards, the types of damage and some infamous examples. Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes.

In addition to the terminologies, the study also seeks to explain various types of disasters. Understanding disasters as per the oxford dictionary a disaster is a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life1. Iii natural and human induced hazards chen yong encyclopedia of life support systems eolss a fourth feature of the earth is a special lithosphere. Chapter three deals with the consequences of disaster such as economic losses, social reactions and factors that intensify these reactions and consequences of.

This article analyses 30 years of statistical data on natural disasters in africa. Environmental hazards and disaster managemen eolss. Cornerstone for building safer communities, part v for the first time in the history of federal disaster assistance, mitigation sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate longterm risk to people and their property from hazards and their effects has become the cornerstone of emergency management. Response actions taken immediately before, during or directly after a disaster to reduce impacts and improve recovery. Environmental hazards and disaster management in india.

How severe the impact of natural hazard is dependent upon its. However, a natural hazard is not inherently negative, as hazards produce a disaster only when they impact adversely on communities. Disaster management is how we deal with the human, material, economic or environmental impacts of said disaster, it is the process of how we prepare for, respond to and learn from the effects of major failures 2. An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment or adversely affect peoples health, including n and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes. It looks at various regions of the continent, and covers different types of hazards, such as.

Droughts the immediate emergency effects of a drought are subtle when compared to those brought on by natural disasters such as tornadoes or hurricanes. Many disasters are a complex mix of natural hazards and human action. It draws on the latest research findings to guide the student from common problems, theories and policies to explore practical, realworld situations. Hazards posed by natural disasters water and wastewater utilities are vulnerable to a variety of hazards. Natural hazards can bring positive environmental and social benefits. It caused wide spread loss to human life and property in andaman and nicobar islands and on the coasts of andhra pradesh and tamil nadu. So natural hazards and natural disasters are becoming more and more prominent. Chapter three deals with the consequences of disaster such as economic losses, social reactions and factors that intensify these reactions and consequences of population displacement are discussed.

Those elements of the physical environment, harmful to man and. The classification of disasters is in fact a classification of hazards. As such, an increase in physical, social, economic, or environmental vulnerability can mean an increase in the frequency of disasters. An overview of environment and disaster risk reduction in the. Environmental hazards are not independent of other types of hazards, and one may lead to the other or make the other worse.

Most life has been living on or in the surface of the. Any single or combination of toxic chemical, biological, or physical agents in the environment, resulting from human activities or natural processes, that may impact the health of exposed subjects, including pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, biologic. Environmental hazards are those extreme events caused by natural process or mans activities which exceed the tolerable magnitude within or beyond certain time limits and make adjustments difficult and thus result in loss of property and lives, such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions etc. Environmental events become hazards once they threaten to affect society andor the environment adversely. Environmental hazards is a wellwritten and generously illustrated introduction to all the natural, social and technological events that combine to cause death and destruction across the globe. Impacts specific effects of hazards or disasters also referred to as consequences or outcomes. A disaster is an event or series of events, which gives rise to casualties and damage or loss of. History, contributions, and future agenda thomas e. Water, air, and food ehhe works with laboratory partners to determine whether human exposure to environmental pollutants in water, air, or food has occurred. Disaster prevention and preparedness carter center. Natural and human induced hazards and environmental waste management vol.

Pdf on oct 15, 2014, l m a p gunawardhana and others published a. Difference between hazard and disaster difference between. Technological hazards hazard identification risk assessment exposure 256 hazard identification a dam is defined as a barrier constructed across a watercourse for the purpose of storage, control, or diversion of water. Home what we do about disasters types of disasters. It is also distinct from intentional acts of war such as nuclear bombings in this case, the impact of humans alteration of the ecosystem has led to widespread andor longlasting consequences. This situation cause pollution and natural such as storm. Prevention of environmental disasters by spatial planning. For utilities, the impacts from these hazard events include damaged equipment, loss of power, disruptions to service, and revenue losses. These are the most common and will be present in most workplaces at one time or another. Here you can download the free disaster management pdf notes dm notes pdf latest and old materials with multiple file links to download.